[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/male-reaktory-vyznamny-trend-v-jadrovej-energetike\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/male-reaktory-vyznamny-trend-v-jadrovej-energetike\/","headline":"Mal\u00e9 reaktory: v\u00fdznamn\u00fd trend v jadrovej energetike","name":"Mal\u00e9 reaktory: v\u00fdznamn\u00fd trend v jadrovej energetike","description":"Pre tieto reaktory s\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdkony v rozmedz\u00ed 10\u2013200 MWe (oproti v\u00fdkonom okolo 1000 MWe u \u201eve\u013ek\u00fdch\u201c reaktorov), minim\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky na obsluhu, minim\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky na \u00fadr\u017ebu, dlh\u00fd interval pre v\u00fdmenu paliva a minim\u00e1lna z\u00f3na havarijnej pripravenosti (vyl\u00fa\u010denie \u00faniku do okolia). Pri ich v\u00fdvoji s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z vojensk\u00fdch i civiln\u00fdch projektov. \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou,...<p class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/male-reaktory-vyznamny-trend-v-jadrovej-energetike\/\" class=\"more-link\">Pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Mal\u00e9 reaktory: v\u00fdznamn\u00fd trend v jadrovej energetike&rdquo;<\/span> &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","datePublished":"2017-05-29","dateModified":"2017-05-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/831abbcc684823965c5caa39ae4561083127c8aedfe9e524c6cecc176998c733?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/831abbcc684823965c5caa39ae4561083127c8aedfe9e524c6cecc176998c733?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bof.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a281928_w2028_t1501322989.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a281928_w2028_t1501322989.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/male-reaktory-vyznamny-trend-v-jadrovej-energetike\/","wordCount":422,"articleBody":"Pre tieto reaktory s\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 v\u00fdkony v rozmedz\u00ed 10\u2013200 MWe (oproti v\u00fdkonom okolo 1000 MWe u \u201eve\u013ek\u00fdch\u201c reaktorov), minim\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky na obsluhu, minim\u00e1lne n\u00e1roky na \u00fadr\u017ebu, dlh\u00fd interval pre v\u00fdmenu paliva a minim\u00e1lna z\u00f3na havarijnej pripravenosti (vyl\u00fa\u010denie \u00faniku do okolia). Pri ich v\u00fdvoji s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti z vojensk\u00fdch i civiln\u00fdch projektov. \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou, k\u00fa ktorej ich v\u00fdvoj smeruje, je prev\u00e1dzka bez obsluhy a bez v\u00fdmeny paliva po ve\u013emi dlh\u00fa dobu, cca 10\u201325 rokov.Pr\u00edkladom mal\u00e9ho reaktoru je rusk\u00fd reaktor typu SVBR-100 s v\u00fdkonom 100 MWe, kde chladivom je zmes olova a vizmutu a palivom \u0161tandardn\u00fd obohaten\u00fd ur\u00e1n. Reaktor pracuje pri teplote pary cca 300\u00b0C a cyklus v\u00fdmeny paliva je dlh\u00fd 7\u20138 rokov. Tieto mal\u00e9 reaktory je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 ako pre nov\u00e9 jadrov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne, tak pre renov\u00e1ciu star\u00fdch. In\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom vyu\u017eitia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr\u00edklad region\u00e1lna tepl\u00e1r\u0148a alebo odso\u013eovacie zariadenie.In\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je minireaktor HPM (Hyperion Power Module) od firmy Hyperion. Tento reaktor bol p\u00f4vodne predstavovan\u00fd ako takmer bezobslu\u017en\u00fd term\u00e1lny jadrov\u00fd reaktor, ktor\u00fd je riaden\u00fd bez pomoci riadiacich ty\u010d\u00ed, len tepeln\u00fdm rozkladom hydridu uranit\u00e9ho. HPM bol prezentovan\u00fd ako mo\u017enos\u0165 jadrovej v\u00fdtopne pre stredne ve\u013ek\u00e9 mesto, \u010di jadrov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne s elektrick\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom 27 MWe. Tento reaktor mal by\u0165 dodan\u00fd ako samostatn\u00fd modul, ulo\u017een\u00fd do zeme, aby bola zaisten\u00e1 jeho bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, a prev\u00e1dzan\u00fd nieko\u013eko rokov st\u00e1le s rovnak\u00fdm palivom. Hovorilo sa o \u0148om i v s\u00favislosti s v\u00fdtop\u0148ou pre Jablonec nad Nisou. V poslednom roku v\u00fdrobca cel\u00fd koncept reaktoru \u010do do typu reakcie, paliva a chladiva z\u00e1sadne zmenil.O\u010dak\u00e1vanou v\u00fdhodou mal\u00fdch reaktorov je teda ekonomick\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka a mal\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na technick\u00e9 a kvalifika\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zemie u prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013ea.Reaktory 4. gener\u00e1cie a mal\u00e9 reaktory nie s\u00fa jedin\u00fdmi trendami v s\u00fa\u010dasnej jadrovej energetike. Pracuje sa st\u00e1le i na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch princ\u00edpov, napr\u00edklad reaktory TWR (travelling wave reactor) \u2013 tzv. reaktory s postupnou vlnou, kde palivom je ochudobnen\u00fd ur\u00e1n a s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 pracova\u0165 bez v\u00fdmeny paliva i viac ako 40 rokov \u2013 alebo priemyslov\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie jadrovej f\u00fazie. Hlavn\u00fdm hnac\u00edm motorom v\u00fdvoja je pritom dosiahnutie \u010do najvy\u0161\u0161ej ekon\u00f3mie a bezpe\u010dnosti prev\u00e1dzky.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Mal\u00e9 reaktory: v\u00fdznamn\u00fd trend v jadrovej energetike","item":"https:\/\/www.bof.sk\/male-reaktory-vyznamny-trend-v-jadrovej-energetike\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]